角鯊烷

Squalane

Squalane is an organic compound with the formula ((CH3)2CH(CH2)3CH(CH3)(CH2)3(CH2)3CH(CH3)(CH2)2)2. As a colorless hydrocarbon, squalane is the hydrogenated derivative of squalene, though commercial samples are derived from nature. Unlike squalene, squalane is fully saturated, preventing auto-oxidation. This characteristic, along with its lower costs and desirable physical properties, makes it an ideal emollient and moisturizer in cosmetics.

By NEUROtiker - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2782666

Squalane has a variety of effects and applications in cosmetics, including:
Serving as an excellent moisturizer, helping to retain skin moisture and improve skin softness.
Enhancing skin barrier function, reducing moisture loss, and increasing skin resistance.
Being resistant to oxidation, providing stable protective effects, and preventing skin damage from free radicals.

Traditionally extracted from shark livers, requiring about 3000 sharks to produce one ton of squalane.
Due to environmental concerns, other sources like olive oil, rice bran, and sugarcane have been commercialized, accounting for about 40% of the industry's total supply as of 2014.
In manufacturing, farnesene is produced by fermenting sugarcane sugars using genetically modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains. Farnesene is then dimerized to isosqualene, which is hydrogenated to squalane.

Squalane has low acute toxicity and is not a significant human skin irritant or sensitizer.

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